Pulp-machine



UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.. y n

GEO. SWEETLAND, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNEC'IICI'IT.

PULP-MACHINE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,756, dated September 5, 1848; Reissued January '1, 1861, No. 3. Y

To all whom t may concern.' n

Be it known that I, GEORGE SwEETLAND, of the town of New Haven, 4in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machinery for Grinding or Preparing Pulp from Rags, Straw, and other Materials for Making Paper of Every Description; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which make part of this speciication, in which- Figure 1, is aperspective view of the external part of the cylindrical vat, frame, &c., with Phelpss patent cylinder rag washer attached. Fig. 2, is a direct sectional view of the same, cut vertically through the center, showing the working part, or internal construction of the machine, &c. Fig. 3, is a direct sectional view of the opposite half of the circular curve in the lower part of the cylindrical vat, showing-the internal surface and form. Fig. 4, is a perspective view of the lower, or revolving wheel, or worker, with the cutters attached. Fig-5, is a perspective view of ythe upper, orv stationary wheel, or bed (against which Athe revolving wheel works), with the cutters attached. Fig. 6, is a perspective view `of the underside of the revolving wheel, or worker. Fig. 7, is a perspective view of the underside of an addition weight, or rim, to be 'attached to,

or placed on, the upper side of thestationarywheel, or bed, when more weight is required than is necessary for the lightest work.

My improvement consists in ,constructing a cylindrical vat, of suitable dimensions for the extent of the work intended to be done, with a circular curve near the bottom lextending about one-fourth of the diameter toward the center of the cylindrical Vat, on all sides, or entirely round the lower part of the vat. In the bottom of the cylindrical vat, and within the circle formed by thevinner edge of the circular curve, I place, horizontally, a revolving wheel, or worker, of about one-half the diameter of thecylindrical vat, with cutters set in the upper surface. This revolving wheel, 'or worker, rests on the upper end ofa vertical spindle, or shaft, which,

is supported by the framework below, and

by means of a pulley, or Vother gearing, on

the spindle or shaft, the Vrevolving wheel,or

worker, receives a horizontal rotary motion with the required velocity. Above the revolving wheel, or worker, I place a similarv wheel, or bed with cutters set in the under surface, and secure it in its stationary position by convenient supports att-achedto it,

and let into the circular curve at the ,bottom of the cylindrical vat, in such a manner as to allow of its being raised vertically, with `ease when necessary. Vertically throughthe"cen-` ter of this vstationary wheel, or bed, I make a circular hole, or eye, of suiiicient diameter to allow the water and the material to be ground to pass together freely down to the revolving wheel, or worker. I fill the cylindrical vat with water until the stationary Wheel, or bed, is completely submerged, and

then throw the material to be ground (in suitable quantity intothe water, and then set the revolving wheel or worker inmotion by means of the pulley, &c.

` The .horizontal rotary motion of the worker communicates a centrifugal yforce lto. the water in the vat, which raises or'elevates it about the sides `and therebyy causes it to flow down to the center, and through the A hole, or eye, in the stationary Wheel or bed,

to ,the revolving wheel or worker, and thus the material :to be ground is being carried,

hole or eye in the bed or stationary wheel, 3'

continuallyfby the water down through ,the

between the cutters, and up again to the sur-1k face; and this process is cfontinueduntil the material is sufcientlyjground and the vpulp fit for use.

, The cylindrical vat, A, Fig. 1, is made of wood, or anyother suitable material, and o f suiiicient dimensions, suited to the extent. of

the work to be done, "by any ofthe usual methods, or otherwise. In the lower part `of the cylindrical vat a circular curve is to be fitted,` as seen at n, n, F igs. 2 and 3,'extending about, one-fourth] part of" the diameter toward thecenter ofthe vat o n all sides,1an`d the ,ascending sides," of this circular curve',

`forming an easy curve to allow theQwater to be .readily forcedup bythe rotarylrnotion of the worker, F, Figs. 4 and 2. In this circ-uloaf lar curve are two valves, j, j, Figa?. and l3,"y to` let outthe' water, f&c.,= whengnecessary,

and also fa sand jgrate,L,fFig. "3, to letl f through -any sand,r orL 'any kotherislnalgliand` heavyl substance that .may lhappen. tov 'bei miXedWith thematerial tobe ground, vUnder this sand grate fFig.3, should-be a hol-r j i-oo low space, cut in the material of which the circular curve is made as a depository for the sand, &c., which` will, of course, be Afilled of dovetail shape running from the periphery, or verge, of the wheel toward vthe center in the proper directions and positions, and in the proper form to insert the cutters, as seen in Fig. 4. l

The central part, 0, Fig. 4, of the worker is raised in a conical form, or elevation, as seen at o, Figs. 4 and 2, to carry the material more readily from the center, so as to pre-v vent choking or clogging the machine.

made of bars of steel, of the proper shape, and properly tempered, andV inserted with dovetails, as seen at d, cl, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 2, so that they may bey easily inserted or removed and changed should it be necessary in consequence of breaking or wearing down too low to work well. As the cutters are self Sharpeners, the longer a set canbe made to last the better, as they vwill Work better after they have been properly fitted `to each other by using them some time, than they will while new. y

VI would therefore recommend that the cutters, in both the worker, Fig. 4, and the bed, Fig. 5, be made of flat bars of steel, wider than would be necessary for cutters for ordinary use; and after they have been inserted into the dovetail slots, orv grooves, to support them by suitable pieces of wood 4 tted into the spaces between them, as seen at f,Figs. 4, 5, and-6 (or other suitable material), which canbe easily cut away as the cutter wears down, thuswma'king a set of cutters last much longer, and at the same f time never having too much space between the worker F and the bed G, Fig. 2, 'for the water and material to escape between the cutters. On the opposite side from the cutters, that is on theunderside of the revolv# ing wheel, or worker,"F ig. 6, should be cast, or firmly attached, a bar,I, Fig. 6, extending nearly the whole diameter ofthe worker (called the ,banger\), so that while the worker is revolving none of the material being ground will lodge at the bottomv and obstruct or clog the machine. In the center of the underside of the worker, andfthroughV the 1cross-bar, or l banger"` I, a square'mortise, h, Fig. 6, is cutto admit the upper end,

and 2 on which the worker rests.

7', Fifr. 2, of the spindle,1 or shaft, @,'FigslA The upper or stationary wheel, or bed, G, Fig. 5, should be made of cast iron, or other suitable material,` similar in form to the worker, with like dovetail shaped grooves, orrslots, on the under side for inserting the cutters, g, Figs. 5 and 4, with a concave space, 79, Figs. 5 and 2, in the central part of the underside, to admitthe conical elevation Vo, Figs. 4 and 2, on the cent-ral part of the worker F, Figs. 4 and 2. `Vertically through -1 the center of thisstationary wheel or bed, G,

Fig. 5,should be made a round hole, o r eye,

. K, Fig. 5, to permit the water to carry the material to belground down through the bed to the worker, as seenat K, Fig. 2. This Istationary Wheel, or bed, Gr, Fig. 5, should -have three (or any other convenient num- @ber of) supporters, g, g, g, Fig. 5, attached "to its periphery, which supports are to rest in holes, or spaces, 7c, lo, Fig. 3, in the circular curve, n, n, Figs. 2 and 8, to sustain the zvwheel, or bed, permanently in its proper iposition, as seen at Gr, &c., Fig. 2, at the The cutters, g, Figs. 4 and 5, shouldbe vertically when necessary to take it up for repairs, &c., and also to leave it free to clear itself should too much material be carried in at any time; or-should any improper subsame time allowing it to `be readily raised stance get intovthe machine with the material to be ground. As the wheel, or bed,

\ G, Fig. 5, is kept down by'its own weight,

should it be found to be too tight, at any time, additions may be made to it by lcastron rims, like H, Fig. 7, with a hole, or eye, K, Fig. 7 through the center, ofthe same size and shape as that in the bed, as seen at K, Figs. 2 and 5.

These rimsfshould be held in their proper position by steady pins, e, e, Figs. 7 and 2. Or for convenience, the bed, G, may be made light, and any number of these rims may be made of a convenient weight to handle, and be placed one upon another4 on the bed until there is suficient Weight; thereby rendering the machine more convenient to handle when necessary to be taken up for repairs, &c. "The cylindrical vat, A, Fig. 1, with the circular curve n, n, Figs. 2 and 3, fitted, is placed on the frame B, B, B, Figs. 1 and 2, in its proper position, as seen in Fig. 1.

The spindle or shaft, a, Figs. 1 and 2, passes up through the Vcenter of the bottom iob of the cylindrical vat, at O, Fig. 2, and y bar, or'lever, D, Figs. 1 and 2, extending ac rossl the` lower part of the frame, B, B, B, Figs. 1 and 2,in a suitable position to be ele-` vvated, orlowered, atpleasure, by means of the thumb screw, E, Figs. 1 and 2, or by any other suitable and convenient method,

so as to regulate the space between the worker, F, Fig. 4, and the bed, G, Fig. 5, as seen in Fig. 2. p

The revolving wheel, or Worker, F, Figs. 4 and 6, is placed in the bottom of the cylindrical vat, within the circle formed by the circular curve at m, Fig. 3, where its rests on the upper end, 1", Fig. 2, of the spindle or shaft, a, Figs. 1 and 2, with the cutters upward, as seen at F, &c., Fig. 2, and in such a position that the edges of the cutters may be about on a level with the inner edge of the circular curve, a, n, Figs. 2 and 3, as seen in Fig. 2.

The worker F, Fig. 2, receives a horizontal rotary motion by means of the upper end, 1", of the spindle or shaft, a, Fig. 2, being square, and being inserted into the square mortise, 72 Figs. 6 and 2, and by means of the pulley, C, Figs. l and 2, which is to be carried by a band; or by any other suitable or convenient means.

The stationary wheel, or bed, G, Fig. 5, is placed in the cylindrical vat, with the cutters downward, above the revolving wheel, or worker, F, as seen at G, &c., Fig. 2, resting on, and kept in its proper position by the three supporters, g, g, g, Fig. 5. v

The additional weight, orrims, H, Fig. 7,

are to be placed on the top of the stationaryk wheel, or bed, G, as seen at H, Fig. 2,-as before described.

The upper side of the stationary wheel, or bed, and also of the additional weights, or rims, should be cast concave, or dishing, as seen in Fig. 2, and the hole, or eye, K, Fig. 2, should be of sufcient size to admit the water and material, together, to pass freely through down to the worker; say from onesixth to one-fourth of the diameter of the bed.

Phelpss patent cylinder rag washer 7 may be used in connection with my machine by attaching it as represented in the drawings M, Figs. l and 2, N representing the hollow gudgeon, or pivot, through which the water is let off or any other washer may be used, as deemed most convenient in any case.

The advantages of my improvement over all others nowin use consist, in part,

lst. In having the material to be ground, or reduced to pulp, carried over the top of the stationary wheel, or bed, down through the eye, between the cutters, out at the periphery of the wheels, and up again continually, by the combined centrifugal and gravitating motion of the water in the cyf lindrical vat, which motions are communicated to the water by the horizontal rotary mot-ion of the worker, as before described.

2nd. The cutters being self sharpeners will always be in order for work, until they are worn out, and therefore need very little attention after they -have been tted, except to remove the wood which supports them.

3rd. The cutters being straight bars, and being inserted in dovetail grooves, `or slots, may be tted much more readily than those on the convex surface of a cylinder; and they are vmuch less liable to get broken, not only from their position and support, but also as the bed being only held down by its own weight, would readily be raised verti cally by the action of any improper substance getting between the bed and worker, by which means the improper substance would soon be thrown out; and if a heavy substance, it would not again be carried up, but would remain in the lower part of the vat. c

4th. There being a much greater number of cutters in my machine than can be used in the common vertically revolving cylinder machines, of the same size, mine will, of course, do much more work at each revolution, and it is capable of having many times the number of revolutions which can be had with the vertically revolving cylinder machine, in the same time.

5th. The cutters being set at different angles with the diameter of the wheels, they will cut the material in different direction in the same revolution, andk will also have a tendency yto draw out the fibers, instead of chopping them short, or cutting them in strips, as is often done by the direct motion of the cutters of the vertical revolving cylinder. l

6th. The material, being kept constantly in motion by the motion of the water Ythrough which it is diffused, will be carried to the cutters much more equally, and in a better condition to be ground even, than by any other method; and the machine will continue to work the `material over and over Y until it is stopped; and will require but very little attention.

7th. My machine is more simple in its construction, economical in its use, and eX- peditious in its operation,than any machine now used, Land will prepare pulp in a more perfect form, and ina bettercondition for use fromany material whatever.

I'do not claim the stationary wheel, ork

, but- What I do claimas my invention and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is The combination of the bed and worker,

with their cutters, arranged horizontally in the bottom of a cylindrical v at, so as to cut or grind rags, straw, and other material (for making papery of every description) into pulp `of an even and suitable quality, by carrying the material in water through the ma` chine, by means of the centrifugal force which is communicated to the water by the iso horizontal rotary motion of the worker. By which centrifugal force the water will be raised against the sides of the cylindrical vat, whence, by its own gravity, vit will flow down to the center, and .through the hole, or eye, in the stationary wheel or bed, down to the worker, thereby keeping the material always loosely diffused through the water,

[FIRST PRINTED 1913.] 

